#WhatWomenWant is a virtual space that amplifies the voices of young women, allowing them to share expertise and life experiences, explore solutions and build strengthened networks across gender-related issues, sectors and movements.

Inspired by the impact of the virtual activism surrounding the 2016 Commission on the Status of Women, the Athena Network and its partners, including UNAIDS, used the momentum to build a platform where women could mobilize around the United Nations General Assembly High-Level Meeting on Ending AIDS. From May to July 2016, a social media campaign reached 13 million Twitter accounts and organized five Twitter conversations that engaged 120 000 people. The aim was to hear what women want and to identify specific actions needed to change the lives of women and girls.

The initiative continues to engage an expanding network of primarily women-led organizations working to advance gender equality, with a special focus on areas where health and rights meet.

#WhatWomenWant aims to:

• Focus attention on the urgent need to address women’s rights and gender-related disparities within and beyond the HIV response.
• Act as a catalyst for joined-up action where gender equality, human rights, sexual and reproductive health issues, gender-based violence and the HIV response intersect.
• Put women in charge of defining their own agendas.
• Harness the experience of women to create advocacy tools to advance their own solutions wherever they are.
• Identify opportunities for women to engage stakeholders and to be meaningfully involved in the decision-making processes that most affect their lives.

#WhatWomenWant continues to strengthen links across movements to end child marriage, stop sexual violence, ensure safe and legal abortion rights and advance comprehensive sexuality education.

“At a time when funding for women's rights has been on the decline, the #WhatWomenWant online campaign provides a space for young feminists to contribute to and influence global policy discussions on the HIV response,” says Catherine Nyamburra, a young activist from Kenya. “It provides a space to amplify young feminist voices through various channels of participation and for feminist thought leadership in the response to HIV.”

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United States Global AIDS Ambassador, Deborah Birx, explains why young women are more vulnerable to becoming infected with HIV. 1000 young women are being infected every day = 7000 a week globally.

It is estimated that worldwide only three in 10 adolescent girls and young women between the ages of 15 and 24 years have comprehensive and correct knowledge about HIV.

With inadequate knowledge, young people are ill-equipped to make healthy and safe decisions about their sexual health. However, knowledge, while a crucial foundation, is not in itself sufficient to change behaviour and reduce the risk of HIV infection. Knowledge needs to be combined with the right skills and attitudes, which can be taught and developed through high-quality comprehensive sexuality education (CSE).

CSE not only plays an important role in preventing negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes, but also offers a platform to discuss gender issues and human rights and to promote respectful, non-violent relationships. However, gender-responsive and life-skills-based HIV and sexuality education is only covered in the national curriculum by 15% of the 78 countries analysed in the Global education monitoring report, recently launched by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

When CSE programmes focus on gender and power relations, they are much more likely to show positive effects in reducing sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies than programmes ignoring gender and power.

Such a gender-responsive CSE programme have been implemented in Zambia, which is a signatory to the 2013 Ministerial Commitment on comprehensive sexuality education and sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents and young people in eastern and southern Africa.

The curriculum in Zambia focuses on puberty, HIV prevention, gender equality, sexual and reproductive health, relationships and human rights. The overall goal is for adolescents and young people in Zambia to enjoy better sexual and reproductive health and have better health outcomes overall.

Zambia currently has the largest population of young people in its history, with 52.5% aged below 18 years. During their school years, teachers and sexual health specialists have an ideal opportunity to reach students with correct and appropriate health education information. The onset of adolescence brings not only physical change but also vulnerabilities to human rights abuses, particularly in the areas of sexuality, marriage and childbearing.

Harriet Lilanda, aged 13, a student at Twalumba Primary School in Lusaka, Zambia, thinks that the new sexuality education curriculum is important for young people. “Talking openly about sexuality was not an easy thing, as boys would think I am a loose girl. Parents at home were also closed up on us; now I think the knowledge which we are receiving in class will help me,” she said.

Both teachers and students in Zambia welcomed the introduction of CSE in schools and appreciate its contribution to the attitudes of young people.

“I saw the need to get more involved in teaching comprehensive sexuality education because of the way our society hides information on sexuality,” says Agather Shindende, a teacher at Kabulonga Primary School. “I remember growing up and being told that if you sit next to a boy at school you would conceive. I don’t want the current generation to go through what we went through.”

Schools have the potential to contribute to healthy individual behaviour as well as improved social norms around equality and non-violence, but this cannot be realized if, at the same time, they are places of gender inequality and violence. Access to a safe learning environment must be combined with education about gender equality, non-violent behaviour and sexual and reproductive health for everybody.  

“Among the topics that I have learnt, gender stands out as the most interesting one,” says Harriet Lilanda. “I like gender because it teaches us to be equal. Boys and girls can do the same things—mathematics, science, home economics and technical drawing. I have learnt that we must respect each other and that household chores have to be done by girls and boys.”

Gender practices, norms and values influence sexuality, reproduction and relationships: unequal gender relations make it difficult for women and girls to make choices about sex, as well as increasing their vulnerability to violence, early marriage and adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes.

Ms Shindende appreciates the benefits of CSE and feels that results are slowly being noticed. “The attitude and behaviour among learners regarding gender norms is slowly changing for the better, especially among boys,” she says. “Previously, boys never wanted to take subjects like home economics because they considered it as a subject for girls only, but today, out of 45 learners, 20 are boys and they willingly chose home economics as one of their optional subjects. Therefore, you can see that teaching comprehensive sexuality education from an early age can open up the minds of our young people. We also have many girls taking art and design courses, including technical drawing, which were exclusively for boys.”

When young women and adolescent girls have access to comprehensive age-appropriate sexuality education before becoming sexually active, they are more likely to make informed decisions about their sexuality and approach relationships with more self-confidence. CSE is also known to increase young girls’ condom use, increase voluntary HIV testing among young women and reduce adolescent pregnancy, especially when linked with non-school-based youth-friendly health services provided in a stigma-free environment.

Watch UNESCO video — Being a Young Person: Comprehensive Sexuality Education

GENEVA, 11 October 2016—On this International Day of the Girl Child, UNAIDS strongly supports the call by the United Nations for better age- and sex-specific data that can be used to improve the health and well-being of girls aged 10–19 years old.

Discrimination and disadvantage have held back the potential of girls and women for centuries. This generation of girls—an estimated 1.1 billion globally in 2016, the largest in history—has the power to change the world, but only if they can advance their knowledge, agency and freedom to make their own life-defining choices and reach their full potential.

“Girls count! We need to know what counts for girls, to make sure that they start life HIV-free, stay HIV-free or remain AIDS-free,” said UNAIDS Executive Director, Michel Sidibé.

Globally in 2015:

• Around 120 million girls (aged 15–19 years old) worldwide had experienced rape or other forced sexual acts at some point in their lives.
• In high HIV prevalence areas, women exposed to intimate partner violence were 1.5 times more likely to acquire HIV, with child marriage a risk factor for intimate partner violence.
• Almost 1100 adolescent girls and young women (aged 15–24 years old) were newly infected with HIV every day.
• About 70% of adolescent girls and young women (aged 15–24 years old) did not have comprehensive and correct knowledge of HIV.
• HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer are strongly linked. Giving HPV vaccine to all girls aged 9 to 13, regardless of HIV status, will prevent cervical cancer in later life.

The bold targets of the 2016 Political Declaration on Ending AIDS that promote the empowerment of women and girls uphold rights and gender equality as central to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. They provide our greatest opportunity to guaranteeing that this generation of girls reach their full potential. The collection and analysis of age- and sex-specific data enriched and informed by the experiences and voices of the world’s girls and young women will put them on the Fast-Track to ending AIDS.

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

A national forum of women living with HIV and women’s leaders was convened in Nairobi, Kenya, on 28 and 29 June to discuss sexual and gender-based violence, especially against women living with HIV.

Participants at the national forum, supported by the United Nations Development Programme and the national network of people living with HIV, in partnership with the National AIDS Control Council and UNAIDS, recognized the slow progress in realizing gender equality and women’s empowerment in Kenya.

The forum called for greater protection from, and response to, sexual and gender-based violence, including access to justice. The HIV and AIDS Tribunal of Kenya—the only HIV-specific statutory body in the world—was cited as a model that could be used to accelerate access to justice. It aims to protect and promote the rights of people living with and affected by HIV in Kenya by increasing access to justice. The forum participants agreed to engage with the tribunal to seek redress and information on preventing violence, especially against women living with HIV.

The forum stressed the importance of holding the government accountable for the implementation of policies and guidelines to protect women from violence, a significant driver of new infections among women and adolescent girls.

Gender-based violence is a global health challenge—women who experience violence are more likely to acquire HIV and women living with HIV are more likely to be subjected to violence. 

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Human rights experts have called for concerted efforts to end human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

A report launched today during the 58th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, being held in Banjul, Gambia, summarizes a historic dialogue that took place in November 2015 between United Nations human rights experts and representatives of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

The report, Ending violence and other human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity, highlights grave violations that take place in all regions of the world against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people.

The report notes the impact of these abuses on the health of LGBTI people and their access to HIV prevention and care, but also emphasizes positive developments made around the world in protecting the rights of LGBTI people.

In 2014, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights adopted a resolution calling for the protection of people against violence and other violations on the basis of their real or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. Commenting on the launch of the report, Pansy Tlakula, Chairperson of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, said, “Violence and other human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity constitute universal challenges that require concerted responses by national, regional and United Nations human rights institutions.”

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has established a rapporteurship on the rights of LGBTI people. James Cavallaro, President of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, highlighted a fundamental element of the work of the Commission. “Bringing the voices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people into our work is to challenge the invisibility of the serious human rights violations that they continue to face throughout the Americas and hold States accountable for these violations,” he said.

The United Nations Human Rights Council has passed two resolutions condemning violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. “The dialogue allowed us to share good practices to guide our common struggle to combat impunity and to ensure the protection and realization of the human rights of all individuals, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people,” said Christof Heyns, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.

The UNAIDS Executive Director, Michel Sidibé, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, said on the launch of the report, “Ending violence, criminalization, discrimination and other human rights violations against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people are priorities for our organizations and for the entire United Nations system.”

Civil society organizations have also welcomed the report. “Ongoing collaboration and openness to experience-sharing between regional and international human rights systems reinforces the idea of the universality of human rights, and can only help advance the protection of human rights for everyone, including for LGBTI people,” said Sibongile Ndashe, Executive Director of the Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa.

Sexual violence is a global problem. An estimated one in three women has experienced physical and/or sexual violence, and 120 million girls worldwide experienced forced sexual intercourse before their 18th birthday. Moreover, in high HIV prevalence settings women who experience intimate partner violence are 50% more likely to acquire HIV than other women.

Access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the event of sexual violence, rape or unprotected sexual intercourse within 72 hours can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 80%. However, PEP alone is not enough and needs to be part of a package that includes action to address sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, physical injury, mental illness and access to justice and legal protection.

Supporting people throughout their recovery, including in adhering to the full 28-day course of antiretroviral medicines that needs to be taken for PEP to be effective, is critical. However, people still face many barriers to freely accessing quality services, including stigma and discrimination in health-care settings.

On 16 March, Together for Girls, the World Health Organization and UNAIDS hosted a side event on the margins of the sixtieth session of the Commission on the Status of Women to promote the Every Hour Matters campaign, which will increase awareness of the importance of rapid access to comprehensive post-rape care.

Health-care workers, uniformed services, peacekeepers and others involved in post-rape care must be trained in gender-sensitive methods of relating to people who have experienced sexual violence and to deliver care without judgement and free of discrimination.

Reducing gender-based violence to lessen the risk of acquiring HIV and its impact is at the core of the UNAIDS 2016–2021 Strategy. The United Nations General Assembly High-Level Meeting on Ending AIDS, to be held in June, and the accompanying Political Declaration on AIDS are a critical opportunity to ensure that the sexual and reproductive health and rights of women and girls are promoted and their right to live in a safe environment free from violence is assured.

Together for Girls is a global public–private partnership dedicated to ending violence against children, with a focus on sexual violence. To address this human rights violation and public health problem, Together for Girls brings together the expertise and resources of many organizations working in development, public health and children’s and women’s rights to collaborate with national governments and civil society.

For more information on the campaign, see the Together for Girls website at http://www.togetherforgirls.org/every-hour-matters/.

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As part of the global effort to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), countries around the world reported major gains in the health and wellbeing of women and children between 1990 and 2015. The global rate of maternal mortality fell by 47 per cent and child mortality declined by 49 per cent. However, any celebration of progress is tempered by the reality that millions of women, children, newborns, and adolescents continue to die every year; mostly from preventable causes. As the world transitions from the MDGs to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), we must uphold our commitment to keep reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) at the heart of the global agenda. Fulfilling this promise is both a practical imperative and a moral obligation.

The UN Secretary-General's Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health sets out a plan to give every woman, child, and adolescent the opportunity to not only survive, but to thrive and transform his or her community. Implementing the Global Strategy and achieving the SDG targets requires an unprecedented level of alignment and coordination amongst each and every one of us working in the field of RMNCAH.

On behalf of the six organizations responsible for promoting and implementing the global health agenda across the UN system, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, WHO, and the World Bank Group, we, the undersigned, stand united in our commitment to operationalize the Global Strategy.

Building on our tradition of working together to support countries in achieving the MDGs, we, as members of the H6 (previously known as the H4+), will provide coordinated technical support to country-led efforts to implement the Global Strategy and achieve the ambitious targets of the health-related SDGs. At the same time, we will continue to advocate for evidence-based RMNCAH programmes and policies at the global, regional, and national levels.

As the current H6 chair (2016-2018), UNAIDS will lead the partnership in fulfilling its mandate to leverage the strengths and capacities of each of the six member organizations in order to support high-burden countries in their efforts to improve the survival, health, and well-being of every woman, newborn, child, and adolescent.

As representatives of the H6, we renew our commitment to implement this mandate in support of the Global Strategy. We call on RMNCAH activists and advocates worldwide to join us in fulfilling this shared pledge to women, children, and adolescents everywhere.

Michel Sidibé, Executive Director, UNAIDS

Babatunde Osotimehin, Executive Director, UNFPA

Anthony Lake, Executive Director, UNICEF

Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director, UN Women

Margaret Chan, Director General, WHO

Tim Evans, Senior Director, Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank Group

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

If the Fast-Track approach to end the AIDS epidemic is to be successful, the rights, roles and responsibilities of men in the AIDS response need to be placed firmly on the global agenda.

It has long been noted that the Fast-Track Strategy cannot be achieved without action on gender equality and human rights. The vulnerability of young women and girls has been an important focus of many programmes and has been debated many times, but more recognition is needed that harmful norms also drive the epidemic among men. Health systems are falling short of addressing the needs of men, which is having a negative impact on the health of both men and women.

“Men play a critical role. When we engage men for their own health and to change harmful gender norms, we improve both men’s and women’s health. This is an essential element of the UNAIDS Fast-Track approach to ending the AIDS epidemic,” said Michel Sidibé, UNAIDS Executive Director.

Reaching men with HIV-related prevention, treatment, care and support services is vital. Men and adolescent boys make up nearly 49% of the global population of 34.3 million adults living with HIV and account for 52% of all new adult HIV infections. Around 60% of the 1.2 million people who died of AIDS-related illness in 2014 were male.

According to UNAIDS, there is a lack of services for men who are at higher risk of HIV infection. Diversity among men, including age, risk behaviour and sexual orientation, needs to be taken into account when planning programmes.

Women under the age of 25 are often vulnerable to HIV, and gender inequality and the structures of society often prevent them from accessing the HIV information and services that can protect them. Men, on the other hand, are affected later in life and are more empowered to access services, but, for many reasons, they don’t.

Men’s access to HIV services is important for their own health but it is also an important way to reduce vulnerability among women. Engaging men in health services for their own health can also provide an entry point for programmes that can also transform harmful gender norms.

UNAIDS calls for more work to be done to explore exactly how harmful gender norms and notions of masculinity may increase men’s vulnerability. For example, stereotypes of male “strength” and invincibility can lead to men not using condoms and avoiding health services, such as HIV testing. It has been shown by research in 12 low- and middle-income countries that men with less equitable attitudes to women are less likely to be tested for HIV.

In addition, studies have reported that men are more likely not to seek out—and stick to—antiretroviral therapy.

UNAIDS contends that health professionals themselves often assume that men do not need, or are not willing to use, HIV-related services. There is a need for such preconceptions to change, with the development of comprehensive policies and programmes that promote men’s access to programmes and address their specific needs. This means changing the perceptions of men in the response to HIV, as they are often referred to as “transmitters” or “vectors”, stereotypes that blame them for infection, stigmatize them and isolate them further from accessing services.

There is a call for a global shift in the discussion on HIV and gender—that it should become more inclusive of men and encourage their greater positive engagement in all aspects of the AIDS response and in advancing gender equality. Sexual and reproductive health is not the responsibility of women alone. Focused, integrated sexual and reproductive health services must be made available to men and adolescent boys. Although much more research needs to be done, there is already a body of data that lays the groundwork for developing and implementing more comprehensive policies and programmes.

To reflect the seriousness of this issue and the need to chart the way forward, a global high-level meeting on men, adolescent boys and AIDS is being held in Geneva on 10 and 11 December. It is co-convened by UNAIDS, Sonke Gender Justice and the International Planned Parenthood Federation. The main objectives are, broadly, to build consensus on what the evidence is saying about men and adolescent boys in the HIV response and what role they have to play in ending the AIDS epidemic. 

GENEVA, 25 November 2015—On the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, UNAIDS is urging countries to put women and girls at the centre of efforts to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.

AIDS is the leading cause of death of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and adolescent girls and young women are most affected by HIV. Every year around 380 000 adolescent girls and young women become newly infected with HIV and in sub-Saharan Africa adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years account for one in every four new HIV infections.

“AIDS-related deaths are increasing among adolescents and we are seeing increased violence against young women,” said UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé. “Our call is to address the root cause—gender inequality, which can result in violence, lack of esteem, growing vulnerability and difficulty for young women and girls to make empowered and informed decisions about their health and well-being.”

In some regions, women who have experienced physical or sexual partner violence are 1.5 times more likely to acquire HIV compared to women who have not. While the experiences of violence faced by women living with HIV mirror those of women generally, living with HIV exposes women and girls to other forms of violence, including forced and coerced sterilization, because of their HIV-positive status.

The heightened vulnerability of women and girls to HIV is intricately linked to the sociocultural, economic and political inequalities they experience. Ending the AIDS epidemic will depend on a social justice agenda that demands equity in education, employment, political representation and access to justice and health, free from violence.  

At the start of the annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence, which is being held under the 2015 theme of “From peace in the home to peace in the world: make education safe for all,” UNAIDS is urging all countries to ensure the engagement and empowerment of women as a top priority to enable women and girls to live in a world free of inequalities and violence.

The newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the UNAIDS 2016–2021 Strategy, reflect a collective global commitment to achieve gender equality, eliminate gender-based violence and advance the rights of women and girls, including sexual and reproductive health and rights, and their empowerment. Significantly, they provide a bold blueprint for action. These goals and targets call for true collaboration across sectors and generations to scale up efforts to ensure the safety and empowerment of women and girls everywhere. 

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

Women living with HIV in western and central Africa gathered in Abuja, Nigeria, from 2 to 5 November for a workshop to improve their leadership skills and ability to advocate for the ambitious 90–90–90 treatment target.

The target is that by 2020, 90% of people living with HIV will know their status, 90% of people who know their HIV-positive status will be accessing antiretroviral treatment and 90% of people on treatment will have suppressed viral loads. If the target is reached by 2020, ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat is possible by 2030.

Under the umbrella of the International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS, West Africa, the 47 participants from 16 countries enhanced their understanding of the ambitious treatment target and policies on elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

They agreed to champion the 90–90–90 treatment target in western and central Africa and to urge their governments to increase domestic funding for health, including the AIDS response, to 15% of national budgets, as recommended by the African Union in its 2001 Abuja Declaration on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases. Participants also agreed to advocate for the full engagement and representation of women living with HIV in the national planning and decision-making processes.

UNAIDS, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the Robert Carr Civil Society Networks Fund supported the training.

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